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UT斯达康


UT斯达康期权日期倒签连环案



公司简介
UT斯达康公司于1991年成立,2000年3月在美国上市,发行价格每股18美元,IPO筹资1.894亿美元,IPO当天股价曾冲高73美元,市值超过70亿美元。

案件过程


法院分析
如果前瞻性的(forward-looking)业绩预测信息符合以下3个条件,那么也是可以认定是虚假的:
(1)发行公司对这些预测信息其实并不是真实确信的;
(2)对预测信息的确信缺乏合理的基础;
(3)发行公司对某些未披露事项是知情的,而且这些未披露事项将会严重影响到预测信息的精确性。

欺诈
Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185 (1976)
Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd. , 551 U.S. 308 (2007)

上述案例确定了构成欺诈的认定要求,指控欺诈的证据在证明力度上需要超越“合理”(reasonable)、“可允许”(permissible)这样的度,应该要达到有说服力(cogent)这个度,或者说至少要和相反结论的证明力度上一致(as compelling as any opposing inference once could draw from the facts alleged)。看来对这个证明的力度要求并不是很高。



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